Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile
Blog Article
Acetonitrile: Properties, Uses, and Safety Considerations
Acetonitrile (CH₃CN) is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid commonly used in organic chemistry and industrial processes. As the simplest organic nitrile, it consists of a methyl group linked to a nitrile group, giving it both polar and organic solvent characteristics.
Chemical Profile
Chemical Formula: CH₃CN
Molar Mass: 41.05 g/mol
Boiling Point: 81.6°C
Melting Point: −45°C
Miscibility: Fully miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and most organic solvents
Its relatively low viscosity, high dielectric constant, and low UV absorbance make acetonitrile a solvent of choice for many laboratory and industrial applications.
Key Uses
1. Solvent in Chromatography
Acetonitrile is a major component in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) due to its:
Low UV absorbance (ideal for UV detection)
High elution strength
Compatibility with a wide range of analytes
2. Chemical Synthesis
Used in:
Organic reactions (especially as a polar aprotic solvent)
Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and perfumes
Production of hydrogen cyanide and acrylonitrile
3. Battery Electrolytes
Acetonitrile is found in lithium-ion battery electrolytes due to its ability to dissolve lithium salts and maintain stability under electrochemical conditions.
4. DNA and Protein Purification
In biochemical applications, it's used in the precipitation and purification of DNA and proteins.
Health and Safety
While acetonitrile is widely used, it must be handled with care:
Inhalation: Vapors can cause dizziness, nausea, and respiratory irritation.
Skin Contact: Can be absorbed through the skin, potentially causing systemic toxicity.
Toxicity: Metabolized into hydrogen cyanide in the body, which is toxic at high exposures.
Flammability: Highly flammable and should be stored away from heat or ignition sources.
Safety Tips
Always use in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood.
Wear gloves, goggles, and lab coats when handling.
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and fireproof environment.
Environmental Concerns
Acetonitrile is not considered persistent in the environment and is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions. However, spills and improper disposal can lead to aquatic toxicity, so it must be disposed of as hazardous chemical waste in compliance with local regulations.
Final Thoughts
Acetonitrile is a vital solvent in modern chemistry, offering versatility in both laboratory and industrial settings. However, due to its health hazards and flammability, strict adherence to safety guidelines is essential. As green chemistry advances, research is ongoing into safer and more sustainable solvent alternatives—but for now, acetonitrile remains a cornerstone in many chemical processes.
Phone : +49 1512 4714765 ( Germany )
Phone : +1 (702) 381-3042 ( USA )
Email : [email protected]
Address : Cunostraße 56, 14193 Berlin. Germany
Address : 7373 Rowlett Park Dr, Tampa, FL 33610, United States.